Have a look at the special issue we edited with italian and French colleagues on effective exploration methods for geothermal systems: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/geofluids/si/986915/

Verbatim from the special volume: “The main goal of geothermal exploration is to identify favourable reservoirs that may be exploited for energy extraction. While drilling is the only direct method to access the subsurface structure of a given system (and its physical state), various techniques have been developed to investigate the targeted reservoir before drilling [1]. The most reliable methods for investigating geological structures at depth are geological field observations, structural geology, exhumed analogues, and geophysical methods. Parameters such as temperature or permeability can be inferred mainly from hydrogeological, geochemical, petrographic, or geophysical investigations. The information retrieved from each of these methods is a piece of a complex puzzle. Gathering and combining these pieces is the key for a comprehensive interpretation of the investigated system [2–8]. That is why, as much as possible, data coming from various disciplines are combined to enhance the understanding of a geothermal area. A multifaceted workflow is the most envisaged approach to understand the dynamics driving fluid flow at depth. However, the more data are available the more complex is the interpretation. This is because geothermal systems are characterized by the interaction of complex nonlinear physical process.“